Fig. 2

Effects of NMN supplementation on microglial activation across various mouse brain regions upon subacute and sub-chronic PM exposure. Legends (A) Representative images (20×) depict the impact of sub-chronic PM exposure on specified brain regions, with enlarged images illustrating typical microglial morphology in the lower right corner. Quantification of iba1-labeled cells is presented across multiple brain regions, including the (B) hippocampus, (C) thalamus, (D) hypothalamus, and (E) internal capsule. The results were presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001