Fig. 1

Experimental design. (A) Pictures of primary AM from rat and human after 1 or 5 days of culture in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% AA. Pictures were taken at 500X magnification with a camera placed on an optical invertoscope. (B) Rat and human AM were exposed to increasing doses of P25 or Printex 90 particles for 4 days. The number of live cells was determined with the WST-1 assay. Results are expressed as percentage of the control (0 µg/mL). Values are mean ± SD from three technical replicates in a single experiment (N = 1; n = 3). For each particle, the data were compared by a two-way ANOVA followed by a post-hoc Dunnett test (treatment vs. control). **p < 0.01. (C) Timeline of culture and exposure of primary AM. Primary AM were isolated from rat or human via broncho-alveolar lavage and cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% AA. After 5 days of culture, AM, which have become adherent and exhibited pseudopods, were exposed to control, non-overload or overload doses of P25 or Printex 90 particles for 4 days. Between each step, the culture medium was changed every 2 or 3 days